What is goiter?
Goiter is a disease caused by abnormal growth of the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped organ located in the front of the neck. The thyroid gland secretes thyroid hormones, which have very important roles in metabolism and brain function.
Causes of goiter
The most common cause of goitre worldwide is iodine deficiency. Iodine is very effective in making thyroid hormone, so in the absence of iodine, not enough thyroid hormone can be made and the brain constantly stimulates the thyroid gland to make hormones. This leads to enlargement of the thyroid gland. Just like iodine deficiency, excessive dietary iodine intake can also cause goiter.
The second most common cause of goiter is Hashimoto's thyroiditis. In Hashimoto's thyroiditis, the thyroid gland is destroyed by the immune system. The destroyed thyroid gland cannot produce enough hormones and in this case the pituitary gland stimulates the thyroid gland to make hormones continuously. The result is an enlarged thyroid gland, i.e. a goiter.
In Graves' disease, the immune system secretes thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin. Goiter and hypertrophy develop as a result.
There are two types of goiter: non-nodular and nodular. In goiter without nodules, the thyroid gland is symmetrically enlarged and soft. Goiter without nodules occurs when the thyroid gland cannot produce enough thyroid hormone. In goitre with nodules, there is still insufficient hormone production, but cells in certain areas respond to stimuli from the brain. Accordingly, the thyroid gland
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